Caring for a Muslim patient: fasting, prayer, modesty and diet

Muslim patients differ widely in how they practise, so the most important step is always to ask. This guide gives you the background so you know what to ask about.

Fasting and illness

The Qur'an excuses people who are ill from fasting in Ramadan; they make up the days later, or, if they cannot, feed a poor person for each day ^[1]. Even so, some patients will want to fast. Explain the medical risks clearly and respectfully, and let them decide with their family and religious adviser.

For patients with diabetes, the International Diabetes Federation and DAR International Alliance publish clinical guidelines on risk assessment and fasting ^[5].

Prayer when unwell

Muslims pray five times a day, and illness does not cancel prayer, but it makes it easier. A patient may pray standing, or sitting if they cannot stand, or lying on their side if they cannot sit ^[2]. If water would harm them, they may use dry ablution (tayammum) instead of washing ^[3]. Helpful things you can offer: a few minutes of privacy, a clean surface, and the direction of Mecca (qiblah) if they ask.

Modesty

Many Muslim patients, women and men, prefer a clinician of the same sex for intimate examinations and care, and prefer to stay covered as much as possible. Knock before entering, explain what you need to uncover and why, and offer a same-sex chaperone or clinician where you can.

Food and medicine ingredients

Pork and alcohol are prohibited ^[4], and many Muslims eat only halal meat. Some patients will ask whether a medicine contains gelatine or alcohol. Islamic law allows what is otherwise prohibited in genuine necessity ^[6], but patients may still prefer an alternative if one exists, so it is worth checking.

End of life

Families may wish to recite the Qur'an at the bedside and to help the dying person say the declaration of faith. After death, Muslims aim to wash and bury the body as soon as possible, usually within a day, so delays from paperwork or post-mortem examinations can cause real distress. Tell the family early about anything that may delay release of the body.